一番欲しいものは、手に入らないもの。 人が最も恋しく思うのは、失ったものである。
平常會聽到一些媽媽說自己寶寶一日三餐都吃得好,但是去醫院檢查居然發現還是寶寶得營養性貧血。這究竟是怎么回事兒呢?我們來聽聽專家怎么說。
專家:原山東日照市人民醫院兒科 桑醫生
小兒貧血有多種,本文僅就其中小兒貧血中最常見、最普通的一種類型——營養性缺鐵性貧血作一介紹。
營養性缺鐵性貧血顧名思義就是由於體內鐵缺乏,導致血紅蛋白合成減少,引起低血色素性貧血,這是嬰幼兒時期最常見的一種貧血。
一、原因
1、小兒體內先天貯鐵不足:胎兒從母體獲得的鐵以妊娠最後三個月最多,故早產、雙胎或多胎、胎兒失血和孕母嚴重缺鐵等均可使胎兒儲鐵減少。
2、生長發育因素:嬰兒期生長發育較快,隨體重增長血容量相應增加,嬰兒至一歲時體重增至初生時的3倍,早產兒可增至5-6倍,如不及時添加含鐵豐富的食物,則易致缺鐵。
3、鐵攝人量不足:這是缺鐵性貧血的主要原因。人奶、牛奶和穀物中含鐵量均低,不足嬰兒發育所需,如單用奶類喂養又不及時添加含鐵較多的輔食,則易發生缺鐵性貧血。
4、鐵的吸收障礙:食物搭配不合理可影響鐵的吸收。另外長期腹瀉、消化道畸形、腸吸收不良等引起鐵的吸收障礙時導致缺鐵性貧血。
5、鐵的丟失過多:食物過敏、腸息肉、美克爾憩室、鉤蟲病等都可引起腸道失血。失血1ml就相當於失鐵0.5mg,長期小量失血都是發生缺鐵性貧血的重要原因。另外長期反複患感染性疾病,可因消耗增多而引起貧血。
二、營養性缺鐵性貧血的臨床表現
任何年齡均可發病,以6個月至2歲最多見。
一般有皮膚、黏膜逐漸蒼白或蒼黃,以口唇、口腔黏膜及甲床最為明顯,食欲不佳、活動耐力差;稍大些的孩子可訴頭暈、眼前發黑、耳鳴、注意力不集中、不愛活動。重的可出現反甲,口腔黏膜及肛門發炎,異食癖,呼吸、脈率加快等。
三、診斷:
典型的貧血診斷並不難,可以化驗個血常規,看看血紅蛋白和紅細胞形態即可,世界衛生組織規定的貧血標准:
1、新生兒,如果血紅蛋白低於145克/升,就屬於貧血;
2、6個月~6歲的孩子,如果血紅蛋白低於110克/升,就屬於貧血;
3、6歲~14歲的孩子,血紅蛋白如果低於120克/升,就屬於貧血。
如臨床表現不典型時可試用鐵劑治療,如給藥後網織紅細胞升高、貧血改善,則有助於診斷。必要時可做骨髓檢查(包括鐵粒幼紅細胞和含鐵血黃素普魯氏藍染色檢查),以及血清鐵含量,血清鐵結合力等鐵代謝檢查。診斷明確貧血後還應進一步找出引起貧血的原因,以便對因治療。
Chief physician of the department of orthopaedic medicine of the university of southeast university
Dong zhengbang, the dermatologist of the university of southeast university affiliated to zhongda hospital
Long Johns are a "thermal device" in cold weather. Before the winter, a lot of people start to dig it out of the closet, especially the elderly in the cold, the time of wearing long Johns is a long time. In the eyes of young people, long Johns are a "fashion enemy", and some people don't even wear them even one winter. Old people always say: "do not wear long Johns, later will have arthritis."
In fact, the term "arthritis" and "rheumatism" are often referred to as osteoarthritis, and most of the inflammation is caused by the joint reaching its lifespan. Some arthritis is caused by external trauma or disorders of the body's immune system, such as female menopause. As a result, arthritis has no direct link to long Johns. However, with the increase of high protein intake such as meat in the national diet, the overall resistance to cold will be improved, and it can be different for different people. However, people with osteoarthritis, menstruation, pregnant women and the cold must wear long Johns before they get cold The best way to reduce labour in refilling ! They have a small table top design and come with a year’s warranty. So, do some work with this machine! .
The fall pants material in the market is varied, also the more the more thin, often let a person pick up the eye. Some people worry that after sweating, the long Johns will become damp, and the skin will not be comfortable, and will cause skin diseases such as red rash. In this respect, pure cotton autumn pants air permeability is better, it is consumer's first choice. Clinically, we rarely see patients who are suffering from skin problems due to wearing cotton long Johns. Long Johns with cashmere ingredients are the highest, and are popular among middle-aged and elderly people. However, it is important to note that people who are allergic to wool are not fit to wear long Johns with cashmere ingredients. Some polyester and other chemical fiber components of the long autumn trousers, are "electrostatic professional households", the autumn and winter season humidity is small, when wearing this autumn trousers, always can hear the sound of the split. You'd better put on a moisturizer before you wear polyester. In addition, polyester materials may irritate the skin, especially those who are dry, itchy or allergic, and children with delicate skin are better off not wearing them. In addition, many women believe that tights are both warm and slim. But such long Johns are tightly wrapped in the body, causing the blood to not circulate, the body not only can not warm, but will be colder. Severe cases can lead to frostbite, cold lipitis and other problems. Furthermore, too tight leggings may increase local temperature, and the risk of gynecological infection increases. It is recommended that women choose the long Johns to remain loose and elastic.